Measuring soil compaction on construction sites: a review of surface nuclear gauges and penetrometers

This paper describes two alternative methods of determining soil compaction on construction sites. The use of a surface nuclear gauge (SNG) is described in detail, and the theory and use of penetrometers are presented. Also, two initial test trials were performed to test these methods against traditional core sampling. [UMN]

"This paper reviews two techniques of determining soil compaction on construction sites. The surface nuclear gauge is found suitable for measuring soil compaction in soils with less than 5% organic matter by weight and at a depth of no more than 0.15 m (6 in.). Penetrometer readings are often unreliable on compacted soils, as well as in dry and stony soil conditions. Therefore, the penetrometer is rarely a valuable device on construction sites as a definitive measurement instrument, but it may be useful as an indicator of compacted areas. Recommendations to measure soil compaction on construction sites are given." [Abstract]

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